In "The Story of Philosophy", Will Durant lists the branches of philosophy as logic (study of methods of thinking or reasoning), epistemology (study of the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge.), ethics (study of right and wrong), aesthetics (study of art and beauty), and metaphysics (study of the nature of reality). Students of philosophy may argue over this and the definitions I've given, but I'm trying to keep this simple.
Most philosophies are closely associated with a particular philosopher and so in Ancient Greek philosophy we have the pre-Socratic and post-Socratic periods, named after the great philosopher Socrates, who (along with his pupil Plato) revolutionized philosophy with the "Socratic Method". Similarly the philosophy of Scientology was developed by L. Ron Hubbard, American author, educator and humanitarian.
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